PB/ß-Naphtoflavone induced rat liver S9 Fraction for Ames Test
Phenobarbital/ß-Naphtoflavone induced S9 is a buffered solution containing the post mitochondrial S9 fraction of a pool of livers from male SpragueDawley rats. Liver S9 fractions (the 9000g supernatant of a liver homogenate) contain both microsomal and cytosolic fractions.
S9 fraction includes many cytosolic enzymes: N-acetyl transferases, methyltransferases, sulfotransferases, glutathione transferases, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase. Both Phase I (Cytochrome P450-Monooxigenases) and Phase II metabolites act simultaneously on test samples. Due to the fact that the enzymes in the S9 fractions are diluted significantly, cofactors such as e.g. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-regenerating system (NADPH, Phase I oxidation) are required for activity. Cofactors are added to the S9 preparation before the experiment (S9 Cofactor Kit, art.no. XPCO-0800).
Applications:
In vitro Studies: S9 fractions are used in conjunction with in vitro assays, such as our Ames MPF, Penta and MicroAmes kits to assess the mutagenic potential of chemicals.
Metabolic Stability Studies: S9 fraction is used to assess how quickly a compound is metabolized in vitro, providing insights into its stability and potential for metabolism.
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